This is a simple walk through on how to create a debian file from a binary. I take no responsibility for anything that may or may not happen.

Step 1: Download this files: Debian Packaging tools FE

Step 2: Create a folder called DEBIAN and put the folder into the working folder.

Step 3: Create a file called control

Step 4: Type in these into control:

Package:
Version:
Section:
Architecture:
Essential:
Maintainer:
Description:

Step 5: Save the file in the DEBIAN folder.

Step 6: Go back to the working folder.

Step 7: Create folder usr, go into usr, create folders share, local, and bin.

Step 8: Put the binary file in the bin folder.

Step 9: Go to the share folder. Create application and icons folders.

Step 10 in the application folder create a file called yourprogramsnamegoeshere.desktop (with your program name before the .desktop)

Step 11: Type this in your .desktop file:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Version=
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=
Exec=/usr/bin/yourprogramnamehere
Comment=
Icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/
Terminal=false
Categories=Application;whereyourprogramshouldgoinapplicationsmenu;
StartupNotify=false
MimeType=

Step 12: Open the terminal: go to the folder holding your working folder. Then type in this command:

sudo dpkg -b workingfolder yourpackagesname.deb

When you get the .deb file you can install it by clicking on the yourpackagesnamehere.deb.

There you have it, now you can produce debian files.

Source: Full Circle Magazine #12 how to create debian files pages 8 to 10.